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A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. It is caused by the hardening of the lens inside the eye, causing a gradual loss of vision.
Most cataracts develop as part of the ageing process. Cataracts tend to affect people aged over 65, but the age of onset can vary. Some people aren’t affected until well into their 70s, while some develop cataracts at an earlier age. In fact, by the age of 80 most of us will have some degree of cataract. Other risk factors include long-term exposure to sunlight, smoking, diabetes and family.
Clouded, blurred or dim vision are the most common symptoms of cataracts. Many people don’t notice any changes early on, but as the cataracts progress they start to experience vision problems. Often people describe the quality of their vision as like looking through a dirty window. One of the other common signs is a sensitivity to glare, especially on a bright sunny day or when driving at night on artificially lit roads. Frequent changes in glasses or contact lens prescriptions can also be a sign of cataracts.
A change to your spectacle prescription may help to keep cataract symptoms at bay for a time. However, for the best results the removal of cataracts through a surgical procedure is often recommended. The surgical procedure is straightforward and is usually performed under a local. In the absence of any other eye conditions the resulting vision is significantly improved in most cases.
There is not much you can do to stop the formation of cataracts. Regular eye examinations with your optometrist, especially for those over the age of 65, can help to identify any changes as early as possible.